Libraries, once repositories of information, have transformed into sanctuaries for knowledge seekers and contemplation. Over centuries, the building typology has evolved from being mere book repositories. Modern libraries are often a collection of spaces that foster community engagement and collaborative learning while offering an escape from the mad rush of modern life.

Designed by Tokyo-based SAKO Architects, the SQUARES in Tianshui Library is one such place set in the tranquil landscape of Tianshui in China. This two-storeyed, 772 square metre facility seamlessly combines the roles of a library and daycare while aiming to achieve "Zero Carbon" status, setting new standards for environmentally conscious construction through library architecture in public spaces.

Commitment to sustainability is at the heart of the design philosophy of the library. The building, strategically located facing a residential street in a small rural town, makes a conscious effort to minimise windows on the perimeter. This effectively enhances thermal insulation and preserves the quietude essential for the intended use of the educational building. The understated exterior, a nod to the surrounding miscellaneous environment, conceals a sophisticated interior that prioritises energy efficiency and environmental responsibility, making this a good example of sustainable architecture.

The second floor of the building breaks away from the reserved exterior and embraces a courtyard-centred design. The library opens up to the ever-changing sky using frameless vacuum triple glazing. This design decision transforms the reading spaces into serene sanctuaries where the subtle dance of light, the flow of clouds, and the gentle fall of rain become integral parts of the reading experience. The courtyard design is a dynamic canvas that captures the fleeting moments, forming a natural time axis within the reading rooms.

This play of light is further enhanced by the mirror effect created by deep eaves and black corridor space. It amplifies the visual impact of the cut-out sky, creating a spectacle that often appears almost magical. The nine-panel grid, inspired by the square motif, adds a layer of complexity to the otherwise minimalist design, making the exterior an intriguing puzzle of large and small windows.

The design elements in the plan and elevation follow a consistent theme of squares. The corridor encircling the square courtyard and the reading room is structured in a mandala-like composition, creating a sense of order and balance. This symmetrical arrangement not only serves a functional purpose but also pays homage to traditional Chinese architecture, creating a visual harmony that resonates with the cultural surroundings of Tianshui.

The square motif goes from macro to micro, extending to the bookshelves and contributing to the overall uniformity of the interior. Inside the reading rooms, the space appears conventionally arranged, with windows offering a picturesque view. However, from the outside, the facade presents an intriguing composition, with large and small windows seemingly scattered in a purposefully random manner. This intentional duality adds an element of surprise to the architectural narrative, inviting curiosity and engagement from both the users within and passers-by.

In addition to intelligent and aesthetic design, the library is also designed to be respectful of the environment. It is the first library in China to be certified as ‘Zero Carbon at the design stage.’ This impressive status is achieved through a combination of high thermal insulation, solar and wind power generation and the utilisation of geothermal heat. The library is now on a one-year demonstration period to showcase the practical application of its eco-friendly initiatives.

Its commitment to sustainability is furthered by using roof tiles from a demolished building in the front yard. This adds a touch of historical memory to the landscape while simultaneously symbolising a commitment to reuse and recycle, aligning with the broader environmental mission of the project. The integration of recycled materials into the design demonstrates a holistic approach to sustainability, where every aspect of the construction process is considered to reduce its environmental impact.

The Library and Daycare expertly showcase how sustainable architecture can push the boundaries of what is possible in the realm of public spaces. With expert library design and daycare that prioritises design for children this showcase of mixed-use architecture not only serves its immediate community but also sets a precedent for global architectural practices, proving that thoughtful design can seamlessly blend functionality, aesthetic appeal and environmental responsibility.

Project Details

Name: SQUARES in Tianshui
Location: Tianshui, China
Completion: 2023
Architects: SAKO Architects