Architecture, even in its most basal, historical form, has always superseded its perceived role as merely a tool for design and quintessential creation; it has always been envisioned to drive social change. In the 21st century, these implications expand to—and needfully so—fostering social change through inclusivity, through maximisation of stakeholders and value derivation, through shared ownership with communities and the users of an architecture and building with people and communities and cultures, prompting a lateral expansion of the role of the architect. Among the best of 2024, architectural projects highlighted a growing emphasis on participatory design with spaces being co-created with communities rather than imposed upon them. These initiatives integrate local knowledge, traditional materials and shared aspirations to create structures that are functional and deeply rooted in their context. From Mexico to Ecuador and China, architects are joining hands with communities to shape environments that inspire and empower, reflecting a collective vision for sustainable growth and cultural preservation.

1. The PILARES Quetzalcóatl Community Centre, Mexico City

In one of Mexico City’s most impoverished neighbourhoods, Dellekamp Arquitectos designed the community centre as part of the PILARES programme (Points of Innovation, Freedom, Art, Education and Knowledge). Initiated in 2019 by Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo, this government project aims to uplift marginalised urban communities by providing spaces for skill-building and education. The Tláhuac district’s Pilares Centre spans 200 sqm on a 400 sq.m. site and offers activities such as yoga, crafts and online education.

The building’s brutalist design features brick arches that create a sense of openness while blending with the urban street culture. Two large palm trees shaped the layout, forming courtyards and gardens that enhance the centre’s welcoming atmosphere. This social architecture project exemplifies how architecture can create accessible and culturally resonant spaces that foster community engagement.

2. The Square and Tourist Office, Píódão, Portugal

In central Portugal, studio Branco Del-Rio revitalised the square and tourist office of Píódão, a historic village nestled in the Serra do Açor mountains. Known for its schist-built houses, sloping roofs and steep streets, Píódão’s square serves as the village’s heart. Over time, it became a makeshift parking lot, detracting from its communal value. The transformation gives the square a renewed identity as a public space by incorporating cherry trees that block vehicles and offer a natural barrier. By reconfiguring boundaries and adjusting the site’s edges, the architects transformed the square into a vantage point for the village’s cascading houses. This rehabilitation project not only breathes new life into the space but also restores its role as a central gathering place, celebrating the village’s heritage and fostering community pride.

3. Las Tejedoras Centre, Ecuador

The Las Tejedoras Community Productive Development Center in Chongón, Ecuador in South America stands as a symbol of empowerment for unemployed craftswomen. The centre was designed by José Fernando Gómez Marmolejo and Juan Carlos Bamba in collaboration with local groups, using local materials and community labour. The two-storey structure features a central patio adorned with native flora, creating an inviting space for skill-building and collaboration.

Workshops during construction provided training for participants, emphasising sustainability and local development. Designed to empower women weavers and support their aspirations, the project was conceived as a purposeful space created with and for the community. The centre stands as a testament to how community architecture can foster self-reliance and a shared purpose.

4. Chaki Wasi Handicrafts Centre, Ecuador

Perched on the rim of the Quilotoa Lagoon, the Chaki Wasi handicrafts centre celebrates Indigenous architecture and cultural preservation. Designed by La Cabina de la Curiosidad in collaboration with the Shalalá community, the thatched-roof structure mirrors the volcanic landscape. Its name, Chaki Wasi, refers to a "house made of straw from the floor to the roof" in Kichwa and reflects its vernacular design principles.

Using traditional techniques, the project preserves age-old customs while promoting sustainable tourism. The centre is a hub for handicraft production, providing economic opportunities while honouring the community’s deep connection to their land. This initiative highlights the importance of integrating cultural heritage into contemporary design as an act of regeneration and respect.

5. Subterranean Ruins, India

Bengaluru-based multidisciplinary design studio A Threshold has transformed three-acre farmland in Kaggalipura, Karnataka, into Subterranean Ruins, a multifunctional public centre shaped by community input. Originally envisioned as a farmhouse, the project evolved into a public space for villagers, blending seamlessly with its tropical orchard setting. The design features brick walls with punctured arches, creating pathways and vistas that invite exploration. Trees such as mango and jackfruit provide shade, ensuring the space remains usable throughout the day. The project’s approach and integration with the natural landscape demonstrate how sustainable architecture can foster a sense of belonging and utility.

6. Community Centre, Zhejiang, China

In Wanghu Village in the Zhejiang province, the Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University (UAD) restored a crumbling site of rammed earth mushroom houses into a vibrant community centre. With limited land and public spaces, this intervention revives the village’s spirit while honouring its history. Blending ancient Chinese architectural philosophies with modern needs, the design preserves the site’s rammed earth architecture while incorporating new public areas. The centre serves as a hub for communal activities, bridging the past and present. This project underscores the importance of preserving regional identity through participatory and context-sensitive architecture.

7. Mariam’s Library, Zanzibar

Kuwait-based Parallel Studio’s Mariam’s Library in Zanzibar exemplifies architecture as an instrument of social responsibility. Completed in 34 days, the library provides educational resources to children in Beit Ras School and the Mwanyanya community. Named in memory of the founder’s friend’s mother, the project carries personal and communal significance. Built under the Parallel Gives Program, the library design creates spaces that inspire learning and belonging. The design for children initiative reflects the studio’s commitment to compassionate design, showcasing how architecture can address global challenges and enhance well-being through meaningful, community-driven projects.

These projects illustrate the transformative power of local architecture, wherein communities and architects can collaborate to create spaces and structures with lasting significance and connection. By embracing hands-on engagement and sustainable practices, these designs not only enrich physical spaces but also strengthen the social fabric, leaving enduring impacts on the people they serve.

STIRred 2024 wraps up the year with curated compilations of our expansive art, architecture and design coverage at STIR this year. Did your favourites make the list? Tell us in the comments!