Siem Reap in Cambodia, home to the legendary temples of Angkor Wat, has seen its architectural landscape redefined in a way that honours its cultural heritage while embracing contemporary innovation. Formerly a failed housing development, Angkor Grace Residence and Wellness Resort now stands as a triumph of adaptive reuse, thoughtfully reimagined by Phnom Penh-based Bloom Architecture. A half-built Borey, Cambodian term for a gated community, has been transformed into a wellness retreat as a creative response to architecture in the aftermath of a crisis.

The development, stalled in its infancy by the 2008 financial crisis, sat idle in limbo until Bloom Architecture embarked on a five-year campaign to bring its buildings back to life. Rather than merely completing a stalled residential compound, the architects envisioned a sanctuary that merged unobtrusively into its green Cambodian landscape, highlighting connection, harmony with nature and gradual, considerate change.

Situated mere minutes from Angkor Archaeological Park, the design philosophy of the hospitality architecture project revolves around its natural setting. The former automobile access roads between condominium buildings have been redeveloped as landscaped promenades, modelled after the natural meander of the Siem Reap River. The pedestrian promenades foster movement and interaction and interlock the built and the unbuilt—a characteristic of Cambodian vernacular architecture.

The focus on blending natural and built environments extended to sustainable design practices. By salvaging partially constructed structures rather than demolishing them, the project minimised waste and reduced its carbon footprint. Additionally, the resort incorporates passive cooling techniques such as strategically placed vegetation and open corridors to reduce reliance on artificial climate control and enhance ecological balance.

The construction of these nature-integrated spaces was carefully planned. Collaborating with a local plant supplier enabled a systematic landscaping plan whereby mature trees and tropical greenery thrived alongside the construction work of the residential design. This gradual and organic growth was also interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, calling for another break. By then much of the shared facilities had already been partially completed, including two pools, a restaurant, a function room and a cafe. However, with the resumption of the project, its scope grew, evolving from just a residential complex to a health and wellness resort.

One of the key design changes incorporated in the reimagining of Angkor Grace Residence was refashioning its front-facing modules. Initially conceived as residential apartments, the buildings were deconstructed to expose an open, modular frame, facilitating the easy incorporation of a visually linear metallic façade design. This façade, with its painstakingly arranged slats of metal, was conceived as a dynamic form rather than a static decorative one. As elaborated by the Cambodian practice in their official statement, “It is the musical staff upon which a tropical symphony of foliage will be orchestrated.”

The shift from residential housing to a wellness resort reflects an evolving understanding of health and balance in architecture. Beyond spa facilities and treatments, wellness at  Angkor Grace is embodied in its interaction with nature, community-oriented design and the sense of peace derived from its integration with the landscape. This approach positions the resort as not just a service, but an experiential journey grounded in the principles of mindfulness and sustainability.

The green exterior is both a thermal insulator and a design element, establishing the tone for the natural corridors throughout the resort. The contrast between the strict lines of architecture and the naturally developing vegetation is a progressive architectural conversation that permits the reclamation of space by nature in a controlled yet organic manner

The project emphasises vernacular sensitivity through the strategic use of local materials. Handmade Khmer clay bricks and perforated breezeblocks, imbued with traditional motifs, are used both as ornament and porous elements, allowing for ventilation while preserving privacy. Pigmented concrete is used to construct the restaurant courtyard and grand staircase of the resort, which quietly alludes to Siem Reap's red earth, asserting place through materiality. Metalwork throughout the resort follows this colour palette, easily incorporating contemporary interventions into regional conditions.

Angkor Grace's transformation from an unsuccessful borey into a successful retreat illustrates a wider discourse surrounding resilience in building practice. The process emphasises the value of understanding that buildings, especially those that have been abandoned, cannot be perceived as static remnants of failure but also as a site for potential reinvention.

Bloom Architecture's intervention is a quintessential case study in the application of architectural practices, demonstrating how external economic drivers, environmental imperative and changing human needs can surprise the process of building a project. Rather than adhering to a rigid master plan, the project embraced a condition of continuous transformation, showing that architecture, similar to natural processes, thrives in the face of change.

Project Details

Name: Angkor Grace Residence and Wellness Resort
Location: Siem Reap, Cambodia
Typology: Hospitality & Wellness
Architect: Bloom Architecture
Photography: Oki Hiroyuki